An Active Personality - 826 Words

Earth is crowded with billions of people, and each individual is different from the rest. Physical traits like finger prints and DNA give people their individual identity, but there is more to identity just than the physical traits. The experience of tragedy and joy also plays a critical role in giving people their individual identity. Personality is the other factor that separates one person from others, and the personality of an individual depends heavily on his or her beliefs, culture, and the environment in which he or she are raised. There are several different types of personality tests that one can take to identify certain traits of his or her identity, and one of them is the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). According to MBTI and my life experience, as an ISTP I possess an inquisitive mind, an adventuresome spirit, and a desire to be active. For as long as I can remember, I have been curious about almost everything. This curiosity of mine has led me to unravel the mystery o f how things work and how they are formed. According to BSM Consulting, author of High-Level Description of the Sixteen Personality Types â€Å"The Mechanic,† â€Å"ISTPs have a compelling drive to understand the way things work and they like to take things apart and see the way they work† (BMS, â€Å"The Mechanic† par.2). When I was about fourteen, one day while I was microwaving the popcorn, I began to question myself about the components required to build a microwave oven and how those components work. IShow MoreRelatedEk Ruka Hua Faisla1167 Words   |  5 Pagesobservation about other personality was controlling by nature. This individual was the one who was handling the whole decision making process. Controlling always leads to aggression. So we saw that the person who was controlling and handling the committee was aggressive often. Different Personalities Observed: Active: A person active by nature always have the quality of initiating. In this movie we observe few active personalities, amongst one who wasRead MoreThe Relationship Between Narcissism And The Frequency Of Active Usage Of Instagram1546 Words   |  7 PagesInstagram) and narcissism. It is therefore quite in order to explicitly establish an appropriate technique of variable determination and hypothesis testing to effectively address the concern of the relationship between narcissism and the frequency of active usage of Instagram (Ames Anderson, 2006). Most previous researches have presented an objective opinion that a variety of social networking behaviors conceptualizes the notion of Narcissism. The concept of gender disparity and age differences haveRead MoreHow Screen Time Can Effect Children And Their Personalities And Cognitive Development Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pageseffect children and their personalities and cognitive development. I have found four credible articles on these subjects from online sources and scholarly publications. These articles discuss the results of different studies about children’s exposure to television and online content and how they have negative effects on the developing child’s brain in terms of cognitive development and personality traits. Keywords: screen time, personality, cognitive development Personality and Cognitive EffectsRead MoreThe Effect Of Screen Time On Children And Their Personalities And Cognitive Development Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pageseffect children and their personalities and cognitive development. I have found four credible articles on these subjects from online sources and scholarly publications. These articles discuss the results of different studies about children’s exposure to television and online content and how they have negative effects on the developing child’s brain in terms of cognitive development and personality traits. Keywords: screen time, personality, cognitive development Personality and Cognitive EffectsRead MoreJames Barber Presents An Intriguing Method Into Uncovering1483 Words   |  6 Pageshuman being like the rest of us, a person trying to cope with a difficult environment.† The President’s personality amplifies in world affairs. Ultimately, James Barber’s breakdown of the presidential character is semi-credible/reliable, offering a unique perspective into Barack Obama’s presidential character that can be described as generally active-positive and passive-positive, personalities that wove together to shape and cement his legacy in an exponentially changing world. The major flawRead More How People Learn Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagessameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ they all argue that individual learners have learning needs based on their unique personalities and that recognition of these individual learning styles can help the instructor and the student to design an approach suitable to the students needs. Many educators use a personality type indicator test (such as the Myers-Briggs model) to help students diagnose their learning style through their personality. Links to Help You Recognize and Understand Your Personal Learning Style # VARK: A GuideRead MorePresident William Jefferson Clinton : The President Of The United States1318 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as active – positive, active – negative, passive – positive and passive – negative. These types were based off of the personalities of the first four presidents that were elected in the United States. Barber states that the presidents all had different approaches to how they lead the country. Some were lazy and passive while others took charge and got the job done without help from anyone else. The most successful presidents that served within the United States were those with active – positiveRead MoreThe Important Study of Organizational Behavior1529 Words   |  6 PagesResults When we were making group decisions, I was somewhat assertive in getting my point of views across but generally more accepting in listening to others without interrupting. This is reflective in my self-awareness assessments as my personality and my active listening skills show that I tend to avoid interrupting people when they are expressing their ideas, but I also like to contribute my thoughts as well. The communication process within our group involved brainstorming. A group member wouldRead MoreDoes Buying a Dog or Cat Change a Persons Personality Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesowning a pet will better help in many facets in our lives. One aspect in our life would be our personality. Fifty random residence of Fargo North Dakota above the age of 18 who is about to buy a dog or a cat in the next two week will participate in taking the Big 5 personality test. They will take this test before and then 2 years after the initial purchase of their pet. This is to see if their personali ty will change after those two years of having their pet. It is predicted that the participantsRead MoreThe Authoritarian Personality By Erich Fromm1214 Words   |  5 Pages In his essay, â€Å"The Authoritarian Personality,† Erich Fromm elucidates the two types of authoritarian personalities: the passive-authoritarian (masochistic, submissive), and the active-authoritarian (sadistic, dominant). In contrast to the authoritarian personality—which is marked by one’s inability to rely upon oneself—Fromm posits that the character of the independent individual is marked by two skills: love and reason. According to Fromm, love allows the individual to maintain autonomy whilst

The Issue of Data Security - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 601 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? The Issue of Data Security Introduction The purpose of this proposal is to justify the issue of Data Security. Proof to questions such as: how secure is our data? What measures can we take to secure personal and company data? Can we be secure online? Data Security stems from as far back as the time of Julius Caesar when Caesar cipher was invented in 50BC. Information security had much advancement in World War Two. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Issue of Data Security" essay for you Create order With rapid advancements in telecommunications at the end of the 20th century, in areas such as computer hardware and software. Within this document, issues such as how secure data really is, the measures taken to make it secure and what companies are doing about it shall be looked at. Also the issue of online security shall be discussed. Data Security Company information is vital to people inside and outside of a company. Information that is confidential such as bank transactions and credit card details need to be protected. Also information on new products, customer information and marketing strategies are also classed as confidential and need to be protected. If this information was lost or stolen and ended up in the wrong hands, it could become very damaging to the company in question. That is why data security is important as it protects against theft and misuse. The threat of theft can be done through hacking, freaking and viruses. Security of business data can also be attached from within a company through a disgruntled employee, or an employee who has recently quit and gone to a competitor* (Stroman 2004). * Administrative assistants secretarys handbook There are a number of steps that can be taken to protect both personal and the companys data, these include: Audit Logs This method means a record of who has been using the computer system is recorded. The name of the user, the time accessed and the files that were accessed is also recorded. Codes Codes such as encryption* (Salomon 2003) codes of data files are a common means of protection. The files are encrypted so that without the correct decryption procedure, if they get in the wrong hand the files only appear as random symbols. Backups In case of the event of viruses getting through, a common method is to do backup of system files on a regular basis, normally done daily. Firewalls Having a firewall system installed protects any from such viruses getting access to the companies servers. Data Security is safe and reliable, but there can be problems. With encryption there are problems** (Damgard 1999). Modern cryptography is used for encryption, where a secure protocol or scheme is selected. The problem with protocol design is mainly that it can be insecure, for example is the Electronic Code-Book (ECB) encryption mode. The problem has been made through the work of Goldwasser and Micali.With web security*** (Thurasingham 2001) web security and privacy can be done through access control**** (Farkas 2004) of XML, which is essentially done through intrusion detection techniques. * Data privacy and security ** Lectures on Data Security: Modern Crytology in theory and practise *** Data and applications security: developments and directions **** Research directions in data and applications security XVIII Bibliography Damgard I, (1999) Lectures on Data Security: Modern Crytology in theory and practise, Springer Publishing. Stroman J, Wauson J, (2004) Administrative assistants secretarys handbook, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publications. Second Edition. Thuraisingham B, Van de Riet R, Dittrich K, Tari Z (2001) Data and applications security: developments and direcections, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Farkas C, Samarati P (2004) Research directions in data and applications security XVIII, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Salomon D (2003), Data privacy and security, Springer Professional Computing.

The Antiwar Movement Of Vietnam - 1882 Words

The Antiwar Movement of Vietnam The Vietnam war had many deaths and injuries. One of the main reasons the U.S got involved was to stop the spread of communism. At first everybody supported America being involved. Unfortunately, as time went on, people started to think that we should not be involved. Those people wanted us to remove our troops from Vietnam. The people that resisted the war were called Doves. During the Vietnam War there was opposition to it, therefore there was a huge antiwar movement which left a legacy and impact on America. At first the war in Vietnam was going well for us. Unfortunately, things started becoming worse. Many people became frustrated with the situation in Vietnam. Conventional Warfare was not effective†¦show more content†¦Americans started obviously opposing the war when Johnson continued to send money, soldiers, and weapons to South Vietnam. War had not been officially declared, but resources kept being sent over. The people who opposed th e war started to become afraid that all the bombing raids would provoke the Soviet Unions or Communist China to make their military actions better in that area. Other people in the United States also started to oppose the war because they believed that it was not right to send such young people to war so far away. In September 1963, the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy announced that the United States should end its involvement in Vietnam. By the 1960’s, President Johnson’s advisors recognized that people started turning against Johnson because they did not like the U.S being involved. McNamara sent President Johnson a memo that expressed concerns about the involvement in the Vietnam War, The Vietnam war is unpopular in this country. It is becoming increasingly unpopular as it escalates - causing more American casualties, more fear of its growing into a wider war†¦ and more distress at the amount of suffering being visited on the noncombatants in Viet nam, South, and North. Most Americans do not know how we got where we are, and most†¦ are convinced that somehow we should not have gotten this deeply in. All want the war ended and expect their President to end

Food Advertising - 2479 Words

One of the major challenges faced by public health in developed world today is childhood obesity, and this is predominant in Canada and the United States. The level of childhood obesity in Canada has increased enormously over the past decades. It was reported that over 26 per cent of Canadian children between ages of 6 to 17 years are overweight or obese which is approximately two times higher the rates three decades ago (Kent, Dubois, Wanless, 2013). There are various chronic health problems that are related to childhood obesity which seems insurmountable to Canadian health care system. Type II diabetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension are reported to be the main contributing factors to the total direct cost (approximately 2.4†¦show more content†¦The overall healthfulness of foods and beverages advertised in Canada varies provincially. Research has publicized that vast majority of Quebecers advertise healthier foods and beverages however; other English provinces particularly Ontario, are prominent in advertising nutritionally poor foods and beverages (Kent et al., 2012). This accounts for the significant prevalence of poor nutritional foods and beverages advertisements in Canada relative to other countries. Due to the fact that children aged 10 to 12 years in Quebec and Ontario are viewing significant amounts of food and beverage advertising that do not align with recommended nutritional guidelines, evidence suggested that effective policy is needed as per Recommendation 1 of the recently endorsed WHO recommendations which aims to reduce the impact of marketing of foods and beverages to children (Kent et al., 2012). In addition, evidence also suggested that there should be an implemented policy that will limit the frequency of advertised food and beverages products viewed by children in Canada as a whole (Kent et al., 2012) Research affirms that differences in legislation on advertising of food and beverages directed at children in Canada seems to be a blocking stone in protecting all Canadian children from unhealthy marketing(Raine et al., 2013). Food and beverage advertising in English speaking provinces is mostly self - regulated by theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Advertising On The Food Industry1059 Words   |  5 Pagesfavorite cereal. They’ve also seen the same cereal on the shelves of stores and begs mom to buy it for them. Because mom is busy trying to get all the other groceries she skims the front of the box and tosses the cereal in the basket with all the other food. Marketing executives for cereal companies design and advertise the cereal boxes and commercials for child amusement. They appeal to children by showing them pictures of their favorite flashy super heroes, heroines, television stars, or animatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Advertising On Food Choices Essay1434 Word s   |  6 PagesTV advertising can have a powerful, subconscious effect on food choices for both adults and children. Exposure to fast food ads seems to promote consumption of these foods. Clinical trials have been done looking at the effect of advertising and food choices. A number of studies have found that TV commercials for specific foods lead to an increase in the consumption of these foods before and after airing the commercials, Every day you are bombarded with literally lots of different food choices. WalkRead MoreThe Dangers Of Fast Food Advertising1296 Words   |  6 PagesFast food advertisements can be found around the world, on newspapers, television, and even online. Children, teenagers, and parents have seen marketing focused on fast food. While adults may think little about such blatant advertising tactics that are solely designed to attract new customers, how are kids affected? People across the United States worry about the ever increasing obesity rates amongst children in recent years. A common explanation is the spike in popularity of fast food. Most kidsRead MoreFast Food Advertising and Childhood Obesity1870 Words   |  8 PagesFast Food Advert ising And Childhood Obesity A rise in obesity has been observed in the United States in the last two decades. Obesity is one problem that gives birth to numerous fatal diseases, including but not limited to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a survey and found that, â€Å"More than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) and approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese†Read MoreFast Food Advertising Causing Obesity1916 Words   |  8 PagesFast Food Advertising Causing Obesity â€Å"I think America s food culture is embedded in fast-food culture. And the real question that we have is: How are we going to teach slow-food values in a fast-food world? Of course, it s very, very difficult to do, especially when children have grown up eating fast food and the values that go with that†(Waters). The fast food industry is controlled by many powerful companies who feel the need to keep costs low. This is because they believe that the lower theRead MoreFast-Food Advertising Causes Obesity Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesor children who eat from fast food restaurants have a big risk for becoming overweight. Some research shows that greater familiarity with fast food advertising on television is associated with obesity in young people (Pediatric Academic Societies parag.1). It is known that these children and adolescents are being extremely exposed to fast food advertising including the internet, social media, and particularly on television. The marketer and ow ners of these fast food restaurants use many techniquesRead MoreEssay on Advertising Fast Food to Children Under The Age of 12 2036 Words   |  9 PagesHow much do the fast food companies spend for advertising to children in the United States? In 2009, â€Å"The Fast food companies spent over $ 4.2 billion in the fast food industry alone to market on television, the internet, social media sites, etc† (Brownell, 2009). This amount of money demonstrated that advertising to children is big business for companies, but it affects children directly, who are innocent of future generations. The purpose of this essay is to convince legislators to consider banningRead MoreWe Must Regulate the Advertising of Unhealthy Fast Food Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesthe event? One might say the game-winning drive, the players excitement, but what most of us remember was the commercials. The hilarious Old Spice commericals, the creative, funny, car commercials, and most importantly the dozen s of commercials about food. Ranging from Campbell’s Soup, to Snickers, to Coca Cola, these commercials seem to be shown just for our entertainment; however, although we might not realize it, they do influence our decision making down the road. It no longer amazes people whenRead MoreExcessive Advertising of Junk Food is Adding Fuel to the Obesity Epi1571 Words   |  7 PagesExcessive Advertising of Junk Food is Adding Fuel to the Obesity Epidemic I distinctly remember watching Fruit by the Foot commercials as a child. Not just what the commercial showed, but the feelings it evoked in me. In the commercial, the boy unwrapped the snack with a look of excitement on his face. He unrolled it and started rolling it up and down, as if it was a yo yo. Then it was utilized as a jumprope. The boy danced around, using the snack as a prop. He flung it up and down and all aroundRead MoreAdvertising And The Fast Food Industry1776 Words   |  8 PagesAdvertising to children has ethical implications associated with the imprint that is Installed upon a child’s impressionable and still developing psychology. However, this Ethical consideration is often not present in many business standards or decisions. For example, within our society, the fast food industry has become synonymous with the high obesity rate of Americans and it can be argued that within this implication, the fast food industry had implored An unethical marketing strategy

Appraising Investment Decisions and Affects of Non Financial Factors Free Essays

1. BACKGROUND The search for reliable techniques for project appraisal is an aged activity. Still it is of prime importance because the survival of a corporation is predominantly determined by its ability to revitalize itself through the allocation of capital to productive use (Arnold and Hatzopoulos, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Appraising Investment Decisions and Affects of Non Financial Factors or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inadequate use of decision tools expand the possibility of less return then the cost of capital, resulting in destruction of firm’s value (Copeland et al., 2000). A successful investment can make profits, increases market share and adds value to the firm, but on the contrary, if it is unsuccessful the firm will experience a loss. An incorrect investment decision may even lead to closure of a firm or bankruptcy. Therefore, the decision to invest or not is very crucial to any firm as it determines its future, and at the same time, this decision signifies the importance of investment evaluation techniques accordingly. Due to importance of such decision and extensive research, there is no shortage of tools and techniques to analyze an investment. Numbers of tools are available to find out the extent of profitability of an investment to help managers in making this vital decision (Akalu, 2001). The most popular techniques are the net present value, internal rate of return, return on investment, benefit/cost ratio method and payback period (Remer and Nieto 1995). Scholars and some other sources tend to emphasize discounted cash flow methods, especially NPV approach, as superior to other methods (Tatsiopoulos and Tolis, 2002; Kaplan and Atkinson, 1998; Zimmerman, 1997). However, these conventional appraisal techniques (especially DCF methods) sometimes misinform when they are improperly used, estimation of cash flows are inaccurate, rough identification of discount rate or when vital non-quantifiable aspects of projects are omitted (Kaplan, 1986; Dugdale and Jones, 1995). In literature almost all of the proposed techniques are not free from criticism. The most common and major argument made by scholars is that conventional methods of appraising investment does not give adequate information due to risk and uncertainties; and they are not even appropriate to analyze strategic investments (Bierman, 1980; Brealey et al, 1992; Cox et al, 1985). Risk can be reduced if identified and uncertainties may even be dealt with research, but it’s almost impossible to eliminate these factors from investment. To deal with these factors scholars have proposed some additional methods like sensitivity analysis, simulation analysis, scenario analysis, probability analysis and portfolio theory (Pike and Neale, 2006). Though, in regard to strategic investments, conventional appraisal techniques fall short because they don’t capture intangible or non financial project attributes (Busby and Pitts, 1997; Dempsey, 2003). Butler et al. (1991, p. 402) noted: â€Å"In making decisions on strategic investments, quantifiable financial performance factors (whether measured by discounted cash flow techniques, payback period, or impact on sale and profits) were viewed as of secondary importance by most respondents. Product quality, fit with business strategy and improving the competitive position of the firm were the most important factors considered by all informants.† Some special methods for appraising strategic decision are also established and described by scholars. Among these, the balance scorecard, real option analysis, value chain analysis, benchmarking and technology roadmapping are of vital importance (Kaplan and Norton, 2001; Hoque, 2001; McCarthy, 2003; MacDougall and Pike, 2003). However, continuous usage of conventional appraisal methods, despite their recognized limitation, leaves us in a vague situation and inclines us to explore more. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Investment Investment is employment of funds or capital with the aim of making future benefit. In literature and corporate world this activity is also referred as capital investment. G.H Lawson and Richard Pike (1981) describe it as: â€Å"Capital investment usually refers to the commitment of funds to fixed capital expenditure in the anticipation of returns that compensate for the risk of the investment and the delay in the enjoyment of funds, i.e. consumption.† 2.2 Investment Decision It is the process where managers or investors decides whether or not, when and how to spend money on the project. The heart of all investment appraisals is to calculate the value of spending money, by comparing the benefits with the costs. If this is done incorrectly, it could hammer the investor or firm’s growth (Mott, 1982). 2.3 Investment Appraisal The most important step to start appraising the investment is the identification of cost and benefit associated with it. This step requires immense of experience and expertise as it is an anticipation and mainly this reason has also forced Aggarwal (1993) to argue that â€Å"evaluating capital investment is close to an art and father from a science than is desirable†. Hence it can be said that investment appraisal techniques can never replace managerial judgment, but they can help make judgment more sound (Lumby and Jones, 1999). The major questions to be asked while investment appraisals are highlighted by Campbell (2006), these are: What return on capital employed will the project deliverHow quickly will the project pay for itselfWill the project add value to business? 2.4 General or Conventional Appraisal Techniques 2.4.1 Payback period This non-discounted appraisal techniques seeks to assess how quickly the positive cash flow recovers the initial capital investment. It is calculated by estimating the timely cash flows and at what time the project over comes the investment by the later returns. The project is accepted if it is equal to or less then the predetermined acceptable time or the one with lesser recovery time among available alternatives is accepted (Mott, 1982; Campbell, 2006). 2.4.2 Return on Investment Return on investment or return on capital employed is another non-discounted method for project appraisal. It is a ratio indicator which tells how well the investor or firm is utilizing the capital to generate revenue. The calculation is done by taking profit before tax and divides it by the difference between total asset and current liabilities (Lumby and Jones, 1999). This method has also some disadvantages but is a useful technique as well. 2.4.3 Discounted Cash Flow Methods These methods covers the issue of time value of money, which is, the future money is worth less than money at present. DCF technique converts the future cash flows value into the value of present day. In this manner we can worth the investment at the point when we are actually making it (Brealey et al, 2009). Among the family of discounted cash flow techniques net present value and internal rate of return are vital. 2.4.3.1 Net Present Value (NPV) Net present value is calculated by converting all future cash flows in today’s date and then deducting it from today’s investment. Positive NPV implies that the project is worth to create value and generally the project is accepted when NPV is greater than zero or the one with higher NPV is selected among available alternatives (Campbell, 2006). 2.4.3.2 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) It is that rate at which the net present value is zero. It is complex and difficult to calculate manually, as it is a trial and error method. Generally the project is accepted if the IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, discount rate or in simple terms the opportunity cost (Blank and Tarquin, 1989). 2.5 Limitation of Conventional Techniques Although every technique has its own and unique limitations but here general limitations are mentioned. The non discounted methods are normally criticized due to time value of money and discounted methods are argued due to its complexity. The most common errors found in applying DCF methods are: pre tax calculation of discount rate; anticipation of non-economic statutory in discount rate which may leads to error and incorrect results; interest charges are included in cash flows; cash flows are specified in today’s money (excluding inflation); use of single cut of rate instead of rate reflecting project risk (Pike and Neale, 2006). A major limitation of these techniques, which I have also mentioned earlier, are incapability to include the non financial factors into consideration like risk, uncertainties and factors involved in strategic investments. It has been argued that every single benefits of strategic investment are difficult to quantify and some other approach is required for strategic investment decisions, other than conventional financial techniques ((Butler et al., 1991; Covin et al., 2001). 2.6 Strategic Investment Strategic investment decisions mainly concerns long term investments in asset. Common type of SIDs includes: new product development, new market development, new technology or infrastructure, mergers and acquisitions (Harris et al., 2009). Strategic investments does not only brings economic value to the firm; benefits like increase in product quality, better competitive position, fit with business strategy, increase in customer loyalty can an advantage of strategic investment (Butler et al., 1991). 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Objective The main purpose of this research is to examine the importance of non-financial factors that could affect the investment appraisal process. The research aims to analyze and study conventional investment appraisal techniques and highlight their limitations. Moreover, the research shall investigate the non-financial factors that are considered important in evaluating strategic investment projects. Lastly, the study shall investigate whether recently developed analysis tools such as those that aim to integrate strategic and financial analysis, being used to evaluate strategic investment projects. 3.2 Research Questions The research questions that this study shall attempt to answer through the analysis of empirical data are as follows: What are the limitations of conventional investment appraisal techniques What non-financial factors are considered important in investment evaluation, especially in strategic investment decision Do organisations use conventional appraisal techniques for evaluation of strategic investment projects or prefer using recently developed strategic analysis tools in order to evaluate 3.3 Research Philosophy The research philosophy adopted by the researcher is one of ‘subjectivism’. Morgan and Smirchich (1980) state that subjectivism perceives reality as a â€Å"social construct†. Saunders et al (2009) state â€Å"the subjectivist view is that social phenomena are created from the perceptions and consequent actions of social actors†. In this case, the social actors are the company’s that shall be studied. Strategic investment decision making shall be analysed and investigated in this research based upon the actions of views of these ‘social actors’. Saunders et al (2009) state that for a researcher to understand any action he should explore the subjective meanings motivating those actions. This research aims to investigate the reasons behind implementation of modern strategic analysis tools by identifying the weaknesses of conventional strategic analysis methods and understanding how non-financial factors affect investments. Remenyi et al (1998) also emphasise on this issue and discuss the importance of studying the details of a certain situation in order to understand the ‘behind-the-scenes’ reality. 3.4 Research Approach Deductive approach is defined as developing a conceptual framework by studying the theory and testing this through either confirming or rejecting the hypothesis developed based on the theory by studying the empirical data collected (Bryman and Bell, 2007). An inductive approach, as defined by Bryman and Bell (2007), is one where theory is the outcome of research. According to Saunders et al (2009) in an inductive approach the theory follows from the collected data unlike in a deductive approach where it is the other way around. This research shall collect empirical data on strategic investment appraisal techniques using the methods mentioned below and the researcher will draw a conclusions based on the collected data by studying the inherent patterns and thus, this study shall adopt an inductive approach. 3.5 Research Design Research design is defined by Collis and Hussey (2003) as planning procedures for conducting research in order to obtain the most adequate results. The purpose of implementing an appropriate research design is to make sure that the data collected for the purpose of the research enables the researchers to answer the research questions proposed. According to Saunders et al (2007) there are seven types of research designs and each can be used for explanatory, descriptive or exploratory research. Since this research aims to highlight the limitations of conventional investment appraisal techniques and investigate the use of modern techniques, an exploratory research needs to be conducted. An exploratory research is used when there are no existing models to use as a basis for the study. 3.6 Research Strategy The research strategies as discussed by Saunders et al (2009) are experiment, survey, case study, action research, grounded theory, ethnography, and archival research. The research strategy adopted for the purpose of this study is ‘case study’. Stake (2000) defines case study as an organised and systematic way of producing information on a certain topic. Cooper and Morgan (2008) define case study as â€Å"an in-depth and contextually informed examination of specific organizations or events that explicitly address theory.† Case studies help analyse the experience or activities of a particular event of phenomena. This research aims to investigate the use of recently developed strategic analysis tools and thus shall conduct an in-depth study of an organisation in order to investigate whether the said organisation implements such techniques. The company selected for the purpose of this research is Engro Corp. Engro Corp is one of the largest conglomerates in Pakistan and since I have family working within the organisation at reputable posts I have access to the company and shall be able to obtain the required primary data rather easily. Due to the fact that there is very little data on the use of recently developed strategic analysis tools and the data required for this research is not reported externally, this research shall use primary data collected through a questionnaire. For this particular topic, only primary data can assist in answering the research questions posed and the objectives stated. 3.7 Data Collection Techniques The research shall primarily use primary data. Some secondary data will also be used to support the primary data collection. Primary data used for this study shall be collected through a survey. An open-ended questionnaire shall be used to collect the data required for the research. The questionnaire shall be self-administered and E-mail to the appropriate personnel within the company. The in-depth questionnaire shall explore the use of investment appraisal techniques within the company and if required, the researcher shall also issue a follow up questionnaire in order to collect further data for this research. 3.8 Qualitative Research Cresswell (1994) stated that qualitative research assists in understanding social or human problems by building a complex picture formed using words which report detailed views of informants. Qualitative research involved the use and collection of a range of empirical data and involved an interpretive approach towards the subject. Hence, in this case qualitative research methods shall be used due to these aforementioned characteristics which are deemed suitable for this research. 4. TIME PLAN 4. CONCLUSION Choosing investment decision for research is due to my interest in the topic. However, it is also a part of my degree program and as per my knowledge there are some gaps which need to be filled. I will try me level best to add valuable input to this area of study. This research will definitely increase my knowledge, skills and will give me a worthy experience. 5. REFERENCES Aggarwal R. (1993). Capital Budgeting Under Uncertainty: New and Advanced Perspectives. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Akalu M (2001). Re-examining project appraisal and control: developing a focus on wealth creation. International Journal of Project Management; 19(7):375–83. Arnold G, Hatzopoulos P. (2000). The theory-practice gap in capital budgeting: evidence from the United Kingdom. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting 27(6): 603–626. Bierman, H (1980) Strategic Financial Planning Free Press, New York Blank, L.T. and Tarquin, A.J., (1989). Engineering Economy, 3rd. ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. Brealey, R S et al (1992) Principles of Corporate Finance 2nd Canadian edn, McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd, Toronto, Canada Brealey, R. Myers, S. Marcus, A (2009). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 116-274. Bryman A. Bell E. (2007). Business Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Busby, J.S., Pitts, C.G.C., (1997). Real options in practice: an exploratory survey of how finance officers deal with flexibility in capital appraisal. Management Accounting Research 8 (2), 169–186. Butler, R., Davies, L., Pike, R., Sharp, J., (1991). Strategic investment decision-making: complexities, politics and processes. Journal of Management Studies 4 (28), 395–415. Campbell, I. W. (2006), Business Economics and Accounting, MBA Module Manual- Accounting Finance 2005-2006, Bradford University School of Management.Collis J. and Hussey R., (2003), Business Research: A practical approach for undergraduate and post graduate students. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Cooper, D. J., and W. Morgan. (2008). Case study research in accounting. Accounting Horizons 22: 159-178. Copeland T, Koller T, Murrin J. (2000). Valuation. Wiley: New York. Covin, J.G., Slevin, D.P., Heeley, M.B., (2001). Strategic decision making in an intuitive vs. technocratic mode: structural and environmental considerations. Journal of Business Research 52 (1), 51–67. Cox, J C (1985) An intertemporal general equilibrium model of asset prices. Econometrica 53, 363-384. Dempsey, M.J., (2003). A multidisciplinary perspective on the evaluation of corporate investment decision making. Accounting, Accountability Performance 9 (1), 1–33. Dugdale, D., Jones, C., (1995). Financial justification of advanced manufacturing technology. In: Ashton, D., Jones, C. (Eds.), Issues in Management Accounting, second ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 191– 213. Harris,E, Emmanuel,C and Komakech, S (2009). Managerial Judgement and Strategic Investment Decisions. London: CIMA Publishing. 10-35. 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Research Technology Management 46 (2), 47–52. Morgan, Gareth, and L. Smircich (1980). The Case for Qualitative Research Acad. Management Rev., 5 (1980), 491-500. Mott, G. (1982), Investment Appraisal For Managers, The Macmillan Press Ltd; Bath. Pike, R. and Neale, B. (2006), Corporate Finance And Investment- Decisions and Strategies, Fifth Edition, Pearson Education Ltd, Bath.Remenyi et al (1998), Doing Research in Business and Management; an Introduction to Process and Method. London, SAGE Remer D, Nieto A (1995). A compendium and comparison of 25 project evaluation techniques. International Journal of Production Economics 1995; 42(1):79–96. Saunders, Mark N.K.; Lewis, Philip Thornhill, Adrian (2009). Research methods for business students (5th edition). London: Financial Times Management. Stake E. Robert (2010). Qualitative Research: Studying How Things Work. New York: The Guilford Press. Tatsiopoulos I, Tolis A. (2002). Technical and economic evaluation and feasibility study of biomass energy. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 1(2): 142–159. Zimmerman J. (1997). Accounting for Decision Making and Control (2nd edn.). Irwin-McGraw-Hill: Boston. How to cite Appraising Investment Decisions and Affects of Non Financial Factors, Essay examples

Electrical Engineering Essay Research Paper Electrical EngineeringChoosing free essay sample

Electrical Engineering Essay, Research Paper Electrical Technology Choosing the right calling can intend the difference between being satisfied and being disappointed with my life. Many factors can act upon the calling that I may hold for the remainder of my life. A determination that I am traveling to do at the immature age of 19 will hold a major impact on the following 10 old ages if non the remainder of my life. In order to do the best determination possible for my hereafter I have decided, if non forced, to research a calling of involvement to me. The two major calling picks I have been interested in for the past few old ages have been technology and instruction. I have already done researched learning so I decided to research technology. There are many different types of technology so I decided to pick the one most interesting to me. Electrical technology is the calling field I have selected to look into. Engineering is something my parents have urged me to see. Since a immature child I have been interested in constructing things. I use to state my parents I wanted to be an discoverer and construct a clip machine. Legos were my favourite plaything turning up, and I have ever been exceptionally good in math. Since my freshers twelvemonth in high school I have been interested in going a instructor, but during my freshers twelvemonth in college I was going more and more aware of the sum of money lower degree instructors made. Many people were urging technology as a possible calling option so I decided to look into it. Since I have ever found electricity to be cool I decided to larn more about electrical technology as a future calling field. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles codification for electrical technology is 003.061-010, while the Guide for Occupational Exploration codification is 05.01.01. There is another name for electrical applied scientists ; electronics engineer. The best major to fix me for this calling would be a unmarried man # 8217 ; s grade in electrical technology. This normally merely takes four old ages, and will acquire me an entry-level place in this field. There are no licences or certificates needed for this field, but the technology school or plan attended must be accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. Some authorities bureaus may necessitate an test to be taken before having an electrical technology place, but most countries of employment have no such tests. There are chances for specialisation in this field. I could work as a contract or be an lineman on my ain. Accredited Board Engineering Technology, Institute of Electrical A ; Electronic Engineers, Inc, and the Instrument Society of America are three associations that represent people working in this field. There are legion duties and responsibilities performed by electrical applied scientists. Electrical applied scientists design, and measure the industry, proving, installing, operation, and care of electrical and electronic constituents, equipment and systems. They besides plan and supervise their development and building. Engineers normally specialize in one peculiar country. Electrical applied scientists work with power and light systems equipment, and machinery, with electrical motors and generators. On the other manus Electronic applied scientists work with electronic equipment, and develop applications for these merchandises for different concern and industries. Some of the accomplishments necessary for transporting out these responsibilities are good unwritten comprehension, originality, deductive logical thinking, mathematical logical thinking, job designation, operation analysis, judgement and decision-making, and thought generation/evaluation abilities. I do non hold any soli d experience in this field, but I have installed visible radiation bulbs and set up Christmas visible radiations before. Entry wage ranges from $ 2,163 to $ 3,810 per month. After deriving some experience wage can increase to anywhere from $ 2,219 to $ 4,980 per month. The mean top scopes are $ 3,570 to over $ 5, 199 per month. Average wage in 1997 was $ 5,406 per month. To accomplish these top wages a Masterss is normally required. The work environment for technology can differ greatly depending on the type of electrical technology I decided to travel into. Most applied scientists work on squads and normally work in offices. They must sell their thoughts and persuade people to take their coarse of action as opposed to another. The fact the electrical applied scientists are in competition and must run into deadlines can do electrical technology a high-stress business. Contract electrical applied scientists will happen themselves out-of-doorss at building sights, but they excessively must work on squads. Any country of electrical technology will necessitate me to utilize critical thought and job rating and work outing techniques. Many of the high paying Fieldss of electrical technology requires applied scientists to go rather often to work on undertakings. Traveling may take away valuable household clip, which could be an advantage or disadvantage depending on how you look at it. There are besides many other disadvantages and advantages to technology. The wage for electrical applied scientists is reasonably good for a individual with a unmarried man # 8217 ; s of scientific discipline grade and high for a individual with a maestro. Hours can sometimes be long and maintain a individual off from place is one of the disadvantages. The degree of instruction required for a grade in electrical technology tends to pull a clump of tiring people to electrical technology as a field. An introvert may non wish the fact that applied scientists normally work as a squad. Undertakings may sometimes hold to be taken place. There are many authorities occupations for applied scientists that have highly good benefits, but pay tends to be somewhat lower. Another of import disadvantage or advantage could be depending on whether or non electrical technology lucifers up with my Myers-Briggs and Strong Interest codifications. The Myers Briggs Type Indicator, Strong Interest Inventory, and Value Card Sort are all suppose to supply me with valuable information, which would plus me in doing a good calling pick determination. Did they run into their aim? Lashkar-e-taibas start from the beginning. My 4 missive Myers Briggs codification was ESTP. This means that I am supposed to be an # 8220 ; action-oriented, resourceful, and realistic persons who prefer to take the most efficient route. # 8221 ; Reading over the portrayal of an ESTP I found that it was non every bit true as I had hoped it would be. First, life is non ever as exciting about me as the portrayal makes it out to be. Following, I don # 8217 ; t see myself as being action oriented as it makes me out to be. I find that any incompatibility that there are between the portrayal and myself is due to the fact that I am non clearly and E, S, and/or a T. My scores for these were all really low none making above a 7. It is about clear that I am a Perceiv er. I would hold to hold with the P because I so do bask a flexible, self-generated, manner of life better than a planned, decided orderly manner. Some of the suggested businesss for my four-letter codification are Farmers, Mechanics, Military forces, Directors, and Administrators. My two most favourite businesss besides were among them, which were technology and instruction. Next, my strong involvement codification is SAC ( Social/ Artistic/ Conventional ) . My personal manner sca lupus erythematosuss for work manner got a mark at 50, which places me, compose mediate working entirely and working with people. My personal manner mark for Learning Environment is 49, which means I lean a small spot towards practical acquisition, but I do non truly prefer either one to the other. I have a 44 for Leadership manner, which illustrates how I do non ever like to take charge if I do non hold to. I got a 66 for my Hazard Taking Personal Style, which means I like to take hazard, and appreciate original thoughts. My top 5 businesss that the Strong involvement Inventory recommended where Elementary School Teacher, Actuary, Musician, Particular Education Teacher, and Computer Programmer. Teaching did look twice in the top five, Engineering did non look. However, Architect is the seventh business listed which is closely related to Engineering. My top 5 values are Exercise Competence, Creative Expression, Intellectual Status, Artistic creativeness, and Working with Others. Teaching incorporates all of these values. Engineering does non possibly offer as much artistic creativeness and originative look because certain regulations must be followed when making undertakings. Teaching besides has regulations, but a instructor can utilize more creativeness when doing a lesson program every bit long as the pupils learn what needs to be learnt, or the instructor teaches what needs to be taught. The Strong about did reenforce the Myers-Briggs. My work manner, which is 50 on the Strong, is most similar to my Tocopherol on the Myers-Briggs. I was merely somewhat and E harmonizing to the Myers-Briggs because I got a mark of 3 for extraversion. My mark of 49 with respects to larning environment shows that I prefer practical acquisition to larning in an educational environment. I did acquire an S on the Myers-Briggs, which would about belie the Strong, but the mark was low on both exemplifying that I don # 8217 ; t truly prefer one manner over the other. My Thymine on the Myers-Briggs besides supports my type of larning environment as non truly counting. Harmonizing to the Strong I am non comfy taking charge and I like to take hazard. I think these were all apparent in my mark of P on the Myers-Briggs, which meant I like a flexible and self-generated manner of life better. My leading manner besides could be what is keeping me back form clearly being an Extrovert. I am presently in the probationary geographic expedition period of my life. I # 8217 ; ve been out of high school for a twelvemonth and I am been presently contracting down my thoughts. I have learned a batch about the sort of work I am from working at Disneyland, and have begin to larn the sort of work I enjoy. I have been change my vesture # 8220 ; manners # 8221 ; about monthly, and have began to listen to a clump of different sorts of music. I have been experiment with new activities, and some new thoughts. I have non truly started world proving yet, but I do cognize I enjoy developing people and working with others. I believe I chose to come in this category because I was in the geographic expedition stage, now I feel I am nearer to so stop, but non rather in the following phase yet. A college with a good electrical technology plan is Cal Poly Pomona. If I do travel into electrical technology I will likely travel to Cal Poly Pomona. If I do non take electrical technology I will still travel at that place. As an undergraduate transportation pupil, my admittance demands will be that I will hold a grade point norm of 2.0 or better in all movable units attempted, and must be in good standing at the last college or university attended and meet 1 of 4 criterions. The first of four would be if I met their freshers admittance demands. The following being if I was eligible as a freshers at the clip of high school graduation and have been in uninterrupted attending in an commissioned college since high school graduation. Third would be if I was eligible as a freshers at the clip of high school graduation except for the topic demands, have made up the losing topic demands, and have been in uninterrupted attending in a commissioned college since high school graduation. Last, if I have completed 56 movable semester units ( 84 one-fourth units ) , and have completed 30 semester units, which include all of the general instruction demands in communicating in English linguistic communication and at least three semester units required in mathematics. I besides would hold to complete a clump of lower division major work for technology before I could reassign non their school of technology. I will run into these ends by making all this general instruction and pre-major work at Rancho Santiago Community College and Riverside Community College. If I become an electrical applied scientist by academic ends are to accomplish a Bachelor of Science grade in electrical technology, travel into an internship, acquire a occupation, travel back to school and acquire my maestro grade. I plan on reassigning in the autumn of 2001 to Cal Poly Pomona. After I get my BS I plan on get downing a household. I will accomplish my ends by analyzing difficult in school and taking the categories needed to go an electrical applied scientist. I will non get down a household until I have a married woman and I have a unafraid occupation. On topographic point of employment I will see is Disney. They use electrical applied scientists for a clump of material, and I know they are a unafraid corporation. I have learned a batch about calling and research in this category. Valuess are an of import point to see when taking your calling. The more values a calling will let me to show the more satisfied I will be with that calling. I have besides learned a batch about clip direction. Time direction will give me more free clip whether is pull offing my clip while in school, or when I have a occupation someday. Pull offing my clip will let me to be the best male parent I can to my kids, and the best hubby to my married woman. Furthermore, I learned that I was an extravert. At first I thought that # 8220 ; E # 8221 ; was a error, but the more I look at myself the more I realize that it is right. For some ground the # 8220 ; E # 8221 ; on the Myers Briggs has given me a newfound assurance. This assurance will be valuable when I go for interviews, which leads me to my last major lesson learned. Through this category I have learned a batch about affectional interviewing. This will be really utile in the long tally every bit good as the short tally. I have several interviews for new occupation at Disneyland, and I believe this category has given me an border over other people. This will besides give me an border as an electrical applied scientist or whatever business I choose to come in. I feel really satisfied with the information I obtained. At times I was bored in this category being the lone male, and holding to listen to a clump of females whine over material I didn # 8217 ; t care about. With respects to electrical technology I leaned that electrical technology is deadening, and does non look like an business I would bask. The people I talked to about technology were happy with their occupations but were besides swots. I think I should truly see learning as a possible calling pick. Therefore, I am non certain about the calling picks I have made. I think I will seek to major in math and go a math instructor ; I can ever alter my major if I am non happy with how things are traveling. I have learned that my felicity will be increased with better calling satisfaction versus pecuniary addition.